Name the artificial means of vegetative reproduction. (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS) (1MARK)

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Answer :- The artificial means of vegetative reproduction are cuttings, layering, grafting and micropropagation. 

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Mutations

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CLASSIFICATION Division : Bryophyta Class     : Hepaticopsida Order     : Marchantiales Family   : Marchantiaceae Genus   : Marchantia MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE THALLUS- 1. The main plant body is gametophytic thallus. Gametophyte is small, well developed and  autotrophic. 2. The plant body is dorsiventral, the dorsal surfaces is dark green having a distinct midrib and  dichotomously branched. 3. The ventral or the lower surface bear numerous rhizoids and scales. 4. The rhizoids are unicellular and branched structures meant for anchorage and absorption. They  may be smooth walled or tuberculated (bearing peg-like projections). 5. The scales are purplish multicellular structures which protect the thallus from the dessication  by secreting the mucilage. 6. The dorsal surface also bears small gemma cups on the mid ribs. Inside the gemma cups many  erect stalked gemmae are present which helps in vegetative reproduction of Marchantia. 7. Sexual reproduction is oogamous. The male reproduc
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POLYMORPHISM Definition One of the important characters of Eumetazoa is the division of labour. In the vast majority, i.e., from flat worms to chordates, the division of labour involves the assignment of different functions to different parts or organs of the individual. In coelenterates, low organization and lack of organs do not permit any great degree of specialization for different functions within the limits of an individual. Therefore, in these animals the different vital functions are assigned to different individuals. This form of the division of labour is known as polymorphism. Polymorphism is, thus, the phenomenon of occurrence of an animal in more than one morphological and functional form. The individuals of polymorphic animals are known as the zooids or persons. 2. Grades Some coelenterates possess only two types of zooids, others have three types, and still others several types. These forms are respectively described as dimorphic, trimorphic and polymorphic. There
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